Red Hat NETSCAPE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 6.0 - CUSTOMIZATION Uživatelský manuál

Red Hat Linux 6.0The Official Red Hat Linux Getting Started GuideRed Hat Software, Inc.Durham, North Carolina

x IntroductionChapter 1: An Introduction to GNOME – Learn a little about the history and ideas whichhave helped create GNOME.Chapter 2: GNOME Quick St

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerIMPORTANT: Turning on theAllow customization of icons inicon viewfunction may result in a slower system.Custom ViewTh

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerThere are two main columns in the Custom View,thePossibleColumns and the Displayed Columns.The Possible Columns list

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Managertop of the menu.• File - The File Menu contains items associated with files and higherlevel activity.• New Window - Th

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Manager• Select Files - This will launch a simple dialog box which willallow you to specify a file selection range. For Examp

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerSizeTime Last AccessedTime Last ModifiedTime Last Changed• Filter View - This will bring up a simple dialog which allo

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Managerdialog in the section called Changing Your Preferences in TheFile Manager.• Commands - The Command menu contains item

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerIMPORTANT: This will exit all GNOME File Managerprocesses which include the GNOME Desktop. If you exityou will lose a

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Managerimage.• Drag to an Application - Many GNOME compliant applicationswill accept drag and drop. If you would like to ope

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Manageryou a quick way to launch the File Manager to that directory.• Dragging Directories - You can drag a directory out of

Chapter 8. Configuring the PanelIntroductionThe GNOME Panel is highly configurable and comes equipped withmany graphical tools to help you do the configu

Introduction xiYou’ll find quite a few translations of the GNOME User’s Guide, as well as the latest GNOME docu-mentation and software at the official w

Chapter 8. Configuring the PanelFigure 8-1. The Global Panel Configuration DialogThe Global Panel Configuration Dialog contains six tabs which help98

Chapter 8. Configuring the Panelyou configure the global properties of the GNOME Panel: Animation,Launcher Icon, Drawer Icon, Menu Icon, and Miscellaneo

Chapter 8. Configuring the Panel• Auto-Hide Minimized Size(pixels) - If you have the Panel hidingautomatically this determines the number of pixels tha

Chapter 8. Configuring the Panelicon will displace when pressed. Tiles must be enabled to accessthis option.Drawer icon Tab• Tiles enabled - This check

Chapter 8. Configuring the PanelMenu icon Tab• Tiles enabled - This checkbox will enable background tiles for theMain Menu button on the Panel.• Tile fi

Chapter 8. Configuring the PanelLogout Icon Tab• Tiles enabled - This checkbox will enable background tiles for allLogout buttons on the Panel.• Tile fi

Chapter 8. Configuring the PanelMiscellaneous Tab• Tooltips enabled - This enables tooltips for items on the panel.Tooltips are pop-up help dialogs tha

Chapter 8. Configuring the Panel• Prompt before logout - This will bring up a yes/no dialog whichasks you if you would really like to log out.• Raise p

Chapter 8. Configuring the PanelThis Panel PropertiesEach Panel’s properties can be configured individually. To change theconfiguration of the active Pan

Chapter 8. Configuring the PanelFigure 8-2. This Panel Properties DialogThe Panel properties dialog contains two tabs to help you set the activePanel p

xii IntroductionSend in Your FeedbackIf you’d like to make suggestions about the Red Hat Linux Getting Started Guide, please mentionthis guide’s ident

Chapter 8. Configuring the PanelEdge Panel Tab• Position - This changes the position of the Panel on the screen. Youmay select either Top, Right, Left

Chapter 8. Configuring the PanelIMPORTANT: An easier way to change the background of yourpanel is to drag and drop an image file from the GNOME FileMana

Chapter 9. Editing the Main MenuIntroductionThe Main Menu is a repository for your applications and can be foundon the Panel. The Main Menu is preload

Chapter 9. Editing the Main MenuFigure 9-1. Menu Properties DialogThe first selection item in the Menu properties dialog is the Menu type.This will all

Chapter 9. Editing the Main Menu• System Menus - This is the menu items that are the defaultapplications that come with GNOME.• User Menu - This conta

Chapter 9. Editing the Main MenuFigure 9-2. The Menu EditorThe Menu Editor is divided into two main panels. The left sidecontains the menu in its defa

Chapter 9. Editing the Main MenuOn the left side in the menu tree you will notice that there are twomain menu lists, one for User Menus and one for Sy

Chapter 9. Editing the Main Menuto, and edit, the User Menus.Drag and Drop in the Main MenuIn the Menu Editor - The Menu Editor supports drag and drop

Chapter 10. The GNOME ControlCenterIntroductionThe GNOME Control Center allows you to configure various parts ofyour system using a collection of tools

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-1. The GNOME Control CenterYou may start the Control Center one of two ways. To launch theControl Center

Chapter 1. An Introduction toGNOMEWhat is GNOMEGNOME is a user-friendly desktop environment that enables users toeasily use and configure their compute

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterDesktop CappletsThe Background Properties CappletThe properties for your background image can be set here by eithe

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-2. The Background Properties CappletThe Screensaver CappletIn this capplet you can change your xscreensa

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control Centercapplet contains a list of available screen savers you may choose and ademo screen. Below these two dialogs you wi

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-3. The Screensaver Properties CappletTheme SelectorThe Appearances capplets contains the Theme Selector

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control Centeryou to select which GTK theme you would like to run.GTK themes are themes which allow the GTK widget set to change

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterGNOME Control Center.Figure 10-4. The Theme Selector CappletIf you would like to change the font used in the curre

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control Centerwhich allows you to specify the font, its style, and size.Window Manager CappletBecause GNOME is not dependent on

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-5. Window Manager CappletThe Window Manager capplet has a main list of the window managersthat you can c

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control Centerdialog.Figure 10-6. Add New Window ManagerIn the Add New Window Manager you may specify the name you wishto give t

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterOnce you have finished adding your new window manager you willsee it appear in the main list of window managers. If

Chapter 1. An Introduction to GNOMEway you want it to look and feel. GNOME’s session managerremembers previous settings, so once you’ve set things the

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control Centersimilar to the Mime Type Capplet but is used in association withcertain applications.Figure 10-7. The GNOME Edit P

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterGNOME Mime TypesThe GNOME Mime Types Capplet allows you to determine how youwish to handle certain file types, or M

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-8. The GNOME Mime TypesTo add a new mime type press the Add button. This will display theAdd New Mime Ty

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterActions for... dialog. You may define the icon used for the Mime type,the Open action, the View action and the Edit

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-9. The Keyboard Bell CappletThe Sound CappletThe Sound capplet allows you to set the system sounds for y

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterGeneral and Sound Events.General Tab - At this point you have two options to choose from in theGeneral tab, enabli

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-10. The Sound Properties CappletPeripherals134

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterThe capplets in this section of the Control Center will help youconfigure hardware input devices including keyboard

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-11. The Keyboard Properties CappletThe Mouse Properties CappletThe Mouse Properties capplet allows you t

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control Centerright handed mouse buttons and define the Accelerations andThreshold properties.The Accelerations setting allows yo

Chapter 1. An Introduction to GNOMEyou can read about it at http://www.gnu.org.About This GuideThis users guide is designed to help you find your way a

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-12. The Mouse Properties CappletSession Manager138

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterThe Session Manager Capplet allows you to control the GNOMESession Management. This includes which programs start

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterThe priority for most applications you wish to start is 50. If youhave an application that needs to be started bef

Chapter 10. The GNOME Control CenterFigure 10-13. The Session Manager Capplet141

Chapter 11. A Word AboutSession ManagementIntroductionYou might have seen a little bit about session management when youread about GNOME. Session mana

Chapter 11. A Word About Session Managementabout in the section called Session Manager in Chapter 10.IMPORTANT: If you have heard about application da

Chapter 11. A Word About Session Managementapplications you had running when you logged out last, it will notchange any information you may have set i

Chapter 11. A Word About Session ManagementFigure 11-1. Login Screen for Resetting GNOME Session145

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsIntroductionThis section describes the GNOME applets that are available to add tothe GNOME Panel. To access these applets rig

Chapter 12. Panel Appletsand its functions. You can monitor the resources left on your machinewhich allows you to keep close tabs on how things are wo

Chapter 2. GNOME Quick StartGNOME Quick StartFigure 2-1 shows an example of GNOME running. GNOME is veryconfigurable, so your screen may look quite dif

Chapter 12. Panel Appletsrunning the applet on a vertical panel the CPU is the left bar, Memoryis the middle bar, and Swap Space is the right bar.Figu

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsCPULoad AppletThe CPULoad Applet is a simple graph that shows you the currentCPU Usage using one of three colors:Figure 12-2.

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsFigure 12-3. The MEMLoad AppletThe yellow show the current shared memory usage. The grey-yellowshow other memory usage. The g

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsThe yellow bar shows how much swap space is currently being used.Any free swap space will be shown with a green bar.Multimedi

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsFigure 12-5. The CD Player AppletIMPORTANT: You must have the correct access to your CDROMdrive for this application to be su

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsThis will launch the GNOME CD Player which you can read moreabout in Chapter 13.IMPORTANT: When the CD Player Applet is runni

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsIf you want more control over your system volume you may rightmouse click on the Mixer Applet and select the Run gmix menu it

Chapter 12. Panel Appletsretrieve your mail from another server. You may also specify howoften you check for mail and select which animation style you

Chapter 12. Panel Appletslaunch new window options on your applet.UtilityThe Utility Applets are a set of general utilities to use in your workenviron

Chapter 12. Panel Appletsfor you. To set up the Printer Applet right mouse click on it and selectthe Properties menu item from the pop-up menu. This i

Chapter 2. GNOME Quick StartFigure 2-1. Sample GNOME Display.5

Chapter 12. Panel Appletscomputer to mount it in order to use that disk.The Drive Mount Applet allows you or your systems administrator tomount a driv

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsUtilities menu in the Add new applet menu.You will see a small drive image on your Panel that looks like a floppydrive.Figure

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsFigure 12-9. The Drive Mount AppletThe Drive Mount Settings dialog allows you to define which drive youwant to mount and where

Chapter 12. Panel Appletswish to Use automount friendly status test If you are using a systemthat utilizes autofs to auto-mount your drives the Drive

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsNOTE: If windows "disappear" from your screen when you iconifythem, just add a GNOME Pager to your Panel.You may ac

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsFigure 12-11. The GNOME Pager PropertiesQuicklaunch AppletThe Quicklaunch Applet is a small applet that gives you a repositor

Chapter 12. Panel AppletsFigure 12-12. The Quicklaunch AppletTo add a launcher to the Quicklaunch applet you must already have thelauncher set up in e

Chapter 13. GNOME CD PlayerIntroductionThe GNOME CD Player (gtcd) is a GNOME enabled applicationwhich is preloaded with GNOME. This is a simple CD Pla

Chapter 13. GNOME CD PlayerFigure 13-1. The GNOME CD PlayerIMPORTANT: You must have the correct access to your CDROMdrive for this application to be s

Chapter 13. GNOME CD Playerwhich displays the track titles in a drop down menu. You have accessto change various properties as well by pressing the Pr

Chapter 2. GNOME Quick StartThe long bar at the bottom of Figure 2-1 is a GNOME Panel, whichcontains a collection of useful panel applets and menus. P

Chapter 13. GNOME CD Player• Preferences Tab - In this dialog you may specify:What you would like the GNOME CD Player to do when firststarted, and when

Chapter 13. GNOME CD Playerinformation it has on it. This usually includes CD Title, Artist, andtrack titles. It can also include notes and lyric info

Chapter 13. GNOME CD PlayerFigure 13-3. The GNOME CD Player Track Editor170

Chapter 14. The GNOMECalendarIntroductionThe GNOME Calendar is a simple calendar applications which can bequite useful in your daily work. The Calenda

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarFigure 14-1. The GNOME Calendar172

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarSetting Up the GNOME CalendarThe GNOME Calendar can be used in the state which it is shipped butthere are some tools ava

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarThe Calendar Preferences dialog is broken up into two tabs, Timedisplay and Colors.Time - This tab is broken up into thr

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarUsing the GNOME CalendarUsing the GNOME Calendar is quite simple and most tasks can beperformed from any of the major vi

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarFigure 14-3. The Day View176

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarTIP: One tip for adding a new appointment in the Day View is toselect a few hours in the hours list by clicking and drag

Chapter 2. GNOME Quick Start• To move the file or directory, just drag and drop it.• To copy a file, hold down the CTRL key while dragging.• To run a pr

Chapter 14. The GNOME Calendaryour appointments. If you would like to add an appointment any of thedays in the week view you may right mouse click on

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarFigure 14-4. The Week View179

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarIn the lower left corner of the Week View there is a small monthcalendar. You may change the month or year of the small

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarFigure 14-5. The Month View181

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarThe Year ViewThe Year View shows you the entire year with no descriptions ofappointments. Like the Month View, the Year

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarFigure 14-6. The Year View183

Chapter 14. The GNOME CalendarMaking a New AppointmentThere are many methods for making a new appointment in theGNOME Calendar, the easiest by pressin

Chapter 14. The GNOME Calendar• Alarms - The Alarms area allows you to set up an alarm to remindyou of an appointment. There are four different types

Welcome to LinuxCongratulations!As a new Red Hat Linux user, you’ve successfully installed one of today’s most advanced computeroperating systems.What

Copyrightc1999 Red Hat Software, Inc.Red Hat is a registered trademark and the Red Hat Shadow Man logo, RPM, the RPM logo, and Glintare trademarks of

Chapter 2. GNOME Quick Startapplies). Most UNIX mice have 3 buttons, and the middle button isused to paste text (if in a text area) or to move things.

188 Welcome to LinuxIn the chapters that follow, we hope to show you the basics of how to get the most out of your newsystem. If you’re interested, we

15.1 A Note About Conventions 189GNOME terminalColor XtermWe’ll use GNOME as our example.To begin, take your cursor to the GNOME footprint on the pane

190 Welcome to Linux15.2 The Root of the MatterWhen your Red Hat Linux system starts, you’ll see an array of messages speeding past you on thescreen.

15.2 The Root of the Matter 191rootand pressEnter or the Tab key.Tip: Case matters. Linux, like UNIX, makes a distinction between uppercase and low-er

192 Welcome to LinuxFigure 15.4: A sample GNOME desktopBut before you get too daring...While you’re logged into the root account, avoid the temptation

15.3 How to Quit 19315.3 How to QuitWhen you’re finished looking around for the first time, you can log out to quit your session (seeFigure 15.5).Figure

194 Welcome to LinuxIf you chose not to automatically start your computer in a graphical environment, you’ll find a some-what daunting, almost blank sc

15.5 X Marks the Spot 195Tip: You can also press the Ctrl and D keys at the same time to return you to the loginprompt.15.5 X Marks the SpotIf you ins

196 Welcome to Linuxstartxand the X Window System will begin (refer to Figure 15.7).Please Note: You’re logged into the system as the root account, al

15.6 A Brand New You 197Linux is a multi-tasking, multi-user system, which means it can safely and securely accommodatemany users at one time, perform

Chapter 2. GNOME Quick StartFigure 2-2. Clean Border StyleFigure 2-3. ICE Border StyleIf you are using a default installation of GNOME you may notice

198 Welcome to Linuxlating accounts – turn to the “System Configuration with Linuxconf” chapter in the Red Hat LinuxInstallation Guide.Tip: You can lea

15.6 A Brand New You 199Figure 15.9: The Users accounts in LinuxconfTip: Everyone’s account belongs to at least one group. Groups are used to determin

200 Welcome to LinuxFigure 15.10: Adding a user in LinuxconfFor both your root and user account, your passwords should be unique and easy enough for y

15.6 A Brand New You 201Figure 15.11: Creating a user account’s password in LinuxconfThen, click on the Accept button.You’ll be asked to retype the pa

202 Welcome to LinuxFigure 15.12: The new user account in LinuxconfSystem Configuration chapter in the Red Hat Linux Installation Guide.From the shell

15.6 A Brand New You 203Figure 15.13: Adding a user at the shell promptRemember that the password must be easy to recall and a unique mixture of lette

204 Welcome to LinuxFigure 15.14: Adding a password at the shell promptYou’ll be taken back to the login screen.Now, you can log in to your new user a

15.7 Shutting Down 205log out from your account, which will return you to your login screen, but if you want to completelyshut off your machine, you’v

206 Welcome to LinuxFigure 15.16: The shutdown command at the shell promptTo reboot from the prompt, type:shutdown -r now(See figure 15.16.)Or, if you

15.8 Pulling Yourself Up by the Boot 207Tip: Try substituting +5 for now;you’ll find that you’ve just commanded your assistantto put everything away an

Chapter 2. GNOME Quick StartFigure 2-4. The GNOME PagerYou may read more about the GNOME Pager in the section calledGNOME Pager in Chapter 12.The foll

208 Welcome to Linux[billy@localhost billy]$ suPassword: yourrootpassword[root@localhost billy]#This will allow you to change from your regular user a

15.8 Pulling Yourself Up by the Boot 209Figure 15.17: Changing directories to /lib/modules(there will be several numbers after 2.2, as in 2.2.2-0.1 or

210 Welcome to LinuxSummary: As root, in a terminal window, cd /lib/modules; choose kernel number;then type mkbootdisk - -device /dev/fd0 kernel.numbe

15.9 A Good “Man” Is Easy to Find 211Figure 15.18: Man page index in GNOME’s Help Browserwhich will start the X Window System manual browser. When the

212 Welcome to LinuxFigure 15.19: Reading a man page at the shell promptOf course, like any good help system, the man command has its own man page. At

15.10 What is Rescue Mode? 213In detail, the above command “sends” the output of the manual page entry through the col filter,which helps format the ou

214 Welcome to LinuxTo get into rescue mode, you’ll need a rescue disk set. These are two diskettes that contain the filesnecessary to boot into rescue

15.10 What is Rescue Mode? 215Your system’s diskette drive should start writing to the diskette. After a minute or so, the dd com-mand will complete,

216 Welcome to Linuxdo have man pages. Once you begin to feel more comfortable with commands, you should considerfamiliarizing yourself them through t

You Are HereLet’s say you want to buy a pair of sneakers at a nearby shopping mall. You may not be familiar withthe mall, but that shouldn’tbeaproblem

Chapter 3. Window Managersand GNOMEAbout Window ManagersThe window manager is the piece of software that controls thewindows in the X window environme

218 You Are HereC:GAMES\Quake\ID1>Your Linux system, by default, just shows your current directory.Figure 16.1: The command pwd shows you where you

16.2 Getting From Here to There: cd 21916.2 Getting From Here to There: cdWhenever you want to change directories, all you’ve got to do is type:cdGo a

220 You Are HereFigure 16.2: Absolute pathnames state out the full pathNow you’ve successfully changed directories and moved from your login directory

16.2 Getting From Here to There: cd 221[billy@localhost /]$That single forward slash means you’re at the root. When you’re at the root, you can’t go a

222 You Are HereFigure 16.3: Relative pathnames are ‘relative’ to your current positioncd .What happened? Not much. That’s because using a single dot

16.2 Getting From Here to There: cd 223cd ..and you’ll find yourself at the root directory.Using relative paths, get yourself back to your login direct

224 You Are HereNow that you’re starting to get the hang of changing directories, see what happens when you changeto root’s login directory.cd /rootOo

16.3 Looking Around With ls 225When you’re done being root, just type exit at the prompt.[root@localhost /root]# exitexit[billy@localhost billy]$Summa

226 You Are HereThe same can be said of Linux – with some notable exceptions.In Linux, dir won’t fully display the contents of directories, and doesn’

16.3 Looking Around With ls 227Quite a difference. When you added the -a option, you were specifying that you wanted to list allthe files in the direct

Chapter 3. Window Managers and GNOMEAt the time of this version of the GNOME User’s Guide theEnlightenment Window Manager is the only window manager t

228 You Are HereIf we want to see the size of a file or directory, when it was created and more, we can just add the“long” option (-l)toourls -a comman

16.3 Looking Around With ls 229Figure 16.7: The .bashrc fileWhen you type the above command, what you’re saying is, “make a copy of the .bashrc file and

230 You Are Here# .bashrc# User specific aliases and functions# Source global definitionsif [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then. /etc/bashrcfiIt’s a pretty short

16.3 Looking Around With ls 231Figure 16.8: Adding an alias for the ls command to the .bashrc fileSimply pressing Enter will save your changes to your

232 You Are HereA little later in this chapter, when we introduce you to pipes and I/O redirection,you’ll discover thatthere are other ways to view th

16.4 A Larger Picture of the Filesystem 233cd /We’ll see a prompt which looks like:[billy@localhost /]$Now, let’s see which directories “branch off” r

234 You Are Here[billy@localhost /]$ cd etc[billy@localhost /etc]$ lsHere, among other type of files and directories, we’ll find configuration files,which

16.5 “Washing” the Window 235Figure 16.10: The ls command in /usr16.5 “Washing” the WindowAfter even one ls command in an xterm window, things might s

236 You Are HereSummary: To clear clutter in a console or xterm window type clear;toreturnanxterm window to its default display properties, type reset

16.7 Using Redirection 237Figure 16.11: cat demonstrates standard input and standard output16.7 Using RedirectionNow that we have a handle on what sta

Chapter 3. Window Managers and GNOMEbenefit from some of GNOME features if you use it.13

238 You Are HereFigure 16.12: Redirecting the output to a fileNotice the difference (see Figure 16.12)? For one thing, there are no double entries. Tha

16.7 Using Redirection 239take off shoesput on sneakersmake some coffeerelax!Now, on an empty line, use theCtrl and D keys again to quit cat.We can ch

240 You Are Here[billy@localhost billy]$ cat saturdayand you should see something like this:[billy @localhost billy]$ cat saturdaybuy some sneakersthe

16.9 Redirecting Standard Input 241Now let’scheckthefile by typing:cat sneakers.txtAnd there it is – with the contents of home.txt at the end.What we w

242 You Are HereFigure 16.14: Stringing commands and comparing filescat < sneakers.txtBecause we used the less-than symbol (<) to separate the ca

16.10 Pipes 243One answer is to pipe the output to a utility called less. Known as a pager, less, (like more) allowsus to view information one page (o

244 You Are HereSummary: Piping allows you to send the output of one command as the input of an-other command. For example: ls -al /etc | more pipes t

16.12 Ownership and Permissions 245That was one demonstration of Linux’s security features. Linux, like UNIX, is a multi-user system,and file permissio

246 You Are HereFigure 16.16: Permissions for sneakers.txtThere are 10 slots in this column. The first slot represents the type of file. The remaining n

16.12 Ownership and Permissions 247Beyond the first item, in the following three sets, we’ll see one of the following:r –file can be readw –file can be w

Chapter 4. The EnlightenmentWindow ManagerIntroductionGNOME is a desktop environment that is not dependent on any onewindow manager in order to contro

248 You Are HereTip: Remember that file permissions are a security feature. Whenever you allow every-onetoread,writetoandexecutefiles, you may be increa

16.12 Ownership and Permissions 249Figure 16.18: Changing permissions for sneakers.txtBy typing go-rw, then, we were saying “for the group and others,

250 You Are Herew – write accessx – execute accessActions+ – adds the permission- – removes the permission= – makes it the only permissionWant to test

16.12 Ownership and Permissions 251Figure 16.19: Removing, then restoring permissionsu+x – allows the file owner to execute the filea+rw – allows everyo

252 You Are Herechmod a-x tiggerto remove execute access to all.Here’s what happens now when we try to cd to into tigger:[billy@localhost billy]$ cd t

16.13 Fun with Numbers in chmod 253The total for the user is six, the total for the group is six and the total for others is four. The permis-sions se

254 You Are Herechmod 664 sneakers.txtTip: Beware 666 and 777. Biblical implications aside, either of these settings will alloweveryone to read and wr

Managing Files and DirectoriesIf you’re a Linux newbie – and there are many – you may feel a little disoriented when you want toaccomplish your first t

256 Managing Files and Directoriesthan the command interpreters of the day.Enter the Bourne shell (known simply as sh), created by S.R. Bourne, which

17.2 Locating Files and Directories 257Quite a few “shortcuts” bash uses, aren’tthere?Each one of these helps bash customize the environment for you.A

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerThe Enlightenment Configuration ToolThere are two ways to launch the Enlightenment Configuration tool(E-conf)

258 Managing Files and DirectoriesTip: cron is a daemon. Daemons handle tasks in the background. To read the cronman page, type man cron at the shell

17.3 Command History and Tab Completion 259Voila!Wenowseethecontentsofsneakers.txt.The bash shell can store up to 1,000 commands.Tip: By typing the en

260 Managing Files and DirectoriesSo add the .daily to the command (or simply type the .d and press Ta b again). Press Tab again,and the result will b

17.4 Identifying and Working with File Types 26117.4.3 System Files.rpm – a Red Hat Package Manager file.conf – aconfiguration file.a – an archive file.lo

262 Managing Files and DirectoriesAnd speaking of reading files...There are plenty of ways to read files in Linux. In the previous chapter, for example,

17.4 Identifying and Working with File Types 263head <filename>Head can be useful, but because it’s limited to the first several lines, you won’t

264 Managing Files and DirectoriesI/O Redirection and PipesAnd don’t forget about using pipes and output redirection when you want to store and/or pri

17.4 Identifying and Working with File Types 265sneakers.txtYou’ll probably use the asterisk (*) most frequently when you’re searching. The asterisk w

266 Managing Files and DirectoriesYou can also use wildcards for more than searching: they can come in handy when you want to moveand rename files. And

17.5 Copying, Moving and Renaming Files and Directories 267-f – force. Copies without prompting you for confirmation that the file should be overwritten

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerApply button and move the window around. There are three areas toconfigure: Move Methods, Resize Methods, an

268 Managing Files and DirectoriesIf you want to move a file out of your home directory and into another directory, you would type:mv sneakers.txt tigg

17.5 Copying, Moving and Renaming Files and Directories 269[billy@localhost billy]$ rm -i piglet.txtrm: remove ’piglet.txt’?You can also delete files u

270 Managing Files and Directories17.5.5 Time to Learn MoreSo far, you’ve learned to become familiar with how to create accounts, using passwords, you

What Do I Do Now?Now that you’re becoming a little more familiar with your Red Hat Linux system, you might bewondering, “What do I do now?”Ifso,thisch

272 What Do I Do Now?New To Linux – Has never used any Linux (or Linux-like) operating system before, or has had onlylimited exposure to Linux. May or

18.1 Getting the Documentation That’s Right for You 273Books – Linux for Dummies, by John “maddog” Hall, published by IDG; Using Linux, byWilliam H. B

274 What Do I Do Now?There are times when you’ll just have to sit there and look at the sources to understand things. For-tunately, because of the fre

18.2 The X Window System 275as Xconfigurator, but it is included for completeness. If these utilities fail to provide a work-ing XF86Config file, you m

276 What Do I Do Now?Server Chipset8514 IBM 8514/A Boards and true clonesAGXAll XGA graphics boardsI128#9 Imagine 128 (including Series II) boardsMach

18.2 The X Window System 277Red Hat Linux system.In order to get X started, you’ll first need to log in. Do so (using your non-root account), and thene

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerTranslucent. Depending on your machine speed some of these movemethods may work slower than others.• Resize

278 What Do I Do Now?Editing /etc/inittab – The file /etc/inittab is used to, among other things, determine thesystem’s default run level. We need to c

18.3 Configuring Your Red Hat Linux System For Sound 279press Ctrl - Alt - Fn,where Fnis any one of the first six function keys. When switching virtualc

280 What Do I Do Now?For additional information, please consult the README files in the rhsound documentation direc-tory (/usr/doc/rhsound*), and also

18.3 Configuring Your Red Hat Linux System For Sound 281If you do not want sndconfig to probe for Plug and Play sound cards, run sndconfig with the--no

282 What Do I Do Now?Figure 18.3: Configuring Sound Card18.4 World Wide WebThe World Wide Web is one of the hottest aspects of the Internet today. Red

18.5 Good luck and enjoy! 28318.5 Good luck and enjoy!As we said before, there is a wealth of information available which can help you get the most ou

284 What Do I Do Now?

IndexSymbols.bashrc file...228666and777...254AAccountsRoot,logginginas...

286 INDEXconfigureApache...282WWWserver...282ConsoleLogginginfrom...193S

INDEX 287Moving files ... 72Openwith...76Preferences...80Renaming

Contents1 An Introduction to GNOME 11.1 WhatisGNOME... 11.2 AboutThisGuide ...

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerDesktopsAs you read in the section called Desktop Areas in Chapter 6,GNOME supports the use of multiple des

288 INDEXreset...235Root...232androotlogin...

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerThe Desktops Section of E-conf has two main tools to let you changethe number of areas and desktops you use

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managerfeature on you may change the resistance the mouse has when it ismoving past the edge by moving the slider

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Manager• Advanced Focus - This tab allows you to change properties relatedto focusing windows.All new windows that

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Manager• Miscellaneous - This tab has miscellaneous Enlightenmentbehaviors.Tooltips ON/OFF & timeout for toolt

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerDisplay icons when windows are iconified - If you check this optionand minimize your window this will displa

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerFigure 4-4. Enlightenment Special Effects• Windows Sliding Methods - This area controls what windows lookli

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managerpress the small button beside the speed slide bar. The speed slide barcontrols how fast the windows slide a

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Manager• Drag bar - Some Enlightenment themes will include a Drag barwhich allows you to slide and peak into the n

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerFigure 4-5. Enlightenment BackgroundsSetting the BackgroundThe Enlightenment background selector acts as mu

iv CONTENTS6 The GNOME Desktop 606.1 Introduction ... 606.2 UsingtheDesktop...

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managerdesktop you want to set the background for. The top button whichreads Desktop 0 will show you which desktop

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerCreating a New BackgroundTo create a new background you must first press the Add new buttonto start adding t

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerFigure 4-6. Solid Color Background• Solid Color - This tab is simply a color selector and color propertiess

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerFigure 4-7. Gradient Color Background• Gradient - This tab combines the color selector and color properties

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managerthe color for each selection.Figure 4-8. Background Image• Background Image - This tab allows you to select

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managersystem to display as your background. You may press the Browsebutton to find the image and the None button t

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerFigure 4-9. Overlayed Logo• Overlayed Logo - This tab will allow you to overlay an image onthe background y

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managerselection with the None button.Once you have found the image you wish to overlay you can selectwhere you wo

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerFigure 4-10. Enlightenment ThemesE themes must have an extension of .etheme to work. Some themesmight be ma

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managerdirectory. All .etheme files in this directory will be available forselection in the Themes section of the E

CONTENTS v10.3GNOMEEditProperties ... 12710.4GNOMEMimeTypes... 12910.5MultimediaCapp

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerFigure 4-11. Enlightenment Keyboard ShortcutsThe Keyboard Shortcuts section is divided into two main areas,

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managerselect the shortcut you wish to edit, or select a newly added shortcutafter you press the New button. Once

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerEnlightenment MenusLike all other window managers Enlightenment is designed to be usedwith or without a des

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managertool or change themes on the fly.Guide to Enlightenment Desktop MenusIMPORTANT: These menus may be different

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managerdesktop to a cleaner pattern by arranging them in apre-determined order. This is very useful if you are hav

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Manageris not a recommended option, instead, you should use the GNOMELogout.Enlightenment Window MenusThe menus th

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window ManagerIMPORTANT: These menus may be different if the creator of anEnlightenment theme changes them. If there are

Chapter 4. The Enlightenment Window Managervisible on all desktops and desktop areas.• Desktop - The items in this menu allows you to move a window to

Chapter 5. Using the GNOMEPanelIntroductionThe Panel is the heart of the GNOME interface and acts as a repositoryfor all of your system applications,

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME PanelUsing the Main MenuTo start using any pre-loaded application press the Main MenuButton. The Main Menu has the picture

vi CONTENTS15.5XMarkstheSpot... 19515.6ABrandNewYou... 19615.7ShuttingDown...

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME PanelHiding the PanelAt any time you may hide the GNOME Panel by pressing the HideButtonFigure 5-2. The Hide ButtonThis wil

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME PanelMoving and Adding PanelsAny Panel you have on your desktop can be moved by using themiddle mouse button, or by simulta

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME Panelthe Panel as usual but the other hide button will send the wholepanel to the opposite edge. When the latter move is ma

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME Paneldialog which will allow you to set the properties for the applicationlauncher you wish to add.Figure 5-3. The Create L

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME PanelIn the Create launcher applet dialog you may add a name for yourlauncher, a comment, the command line to launch the ap

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME Panelraise the menu of applications and click again to lower them.Figure 5-4. A Drawer Running on the PanelThere are a coup

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME PanelYou can add menus to your panel in the same way you add Drawers.Menus are very similar to Drawers except that they do

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME Panel• Choose the Utility | Clock menu item.• The Clock will be added to your Panel.Figure 5-5. The Clock AppletTo remove t

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME PanelAs you saw in the previous section you may use the Main Menu to findapplications which have been pre-loaded or you prov

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME Panelon whether you would like to log out or not. Select Ye s and yourGNOME session will end.If you would like, you may add

CONTENTS vii18.1 Getting the Documentation That’s Right for You . . . ... 27118.2TheXWindowSystem ...

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME PanelFigure 5-6. The Logout Dialog58

Chapter 5. Using the GNOME PanelWithin the Logout Dialog there is one option you may choose beforeyou leave GNOME.If you would like to save your curre

Chapter 6. The GNOME DesktopIntroductionThe GNOME Desktop provides you with all the functionality of anytraditional operating system desktop. You can

Chapter 6. The GNOME Desktopyour home directory (/home/[user name]). By default the GNOMEFile Manager window will also appear for you to access other

Chapter 6. The GNOME DesktopGaining mount access can be done quite easily if you havelinuxconfinstalled on your machine. Just select the drive youwant

Chapter 6. The GNOME DesktopYou may select Mount device to mount it and Eject device to eject it.Once it is mounted you may either double-click it or

Chapter 6. The GNOME DesktopCapplet in Chapter 10IMPORTANT: Most window managers will give you the option ofhaving multiple desktops which are differe

Chapter 6. The GNOME Desktop• New | Directory - This allows you to create a new directory onyour desktop. This can be a convenient tool to use if you

Chapter 7. The GNOME FileManagerIntroductionGNOME includes a file manager that allows you to manipulate thefiles on your system in a comfortable, powerf

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerManager67

viii CONTENTS

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerThere are two main windows within the GNOME File Manager. Onthe left is the tree view which represents all of the dir

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerSize title will change the sorting from smallest to largest.Moving Around the GNOME FileManagerAbove the tree and mai

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Managerto the previous directory you were in, the middle button will take youup one level in the directory hierarchy, and th

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerFigure 7-2. "Rubber Band Select"If you wish to be more selective about the files you are choosing, orthe file

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Managerwill be able to add to the "list" of files that are selected. Once you haveselected multiple files by either

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Managerpressing the ALT Key while dragging a file. Once you release the dragyou will get a pop-up menu which contains the opt

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerTo use the move dialog you simply type in the path where you wish tomove the file. If you want to rename the file you m

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerFigure 7-4. File PropertiesA shortcut method to rename a file is to slowly double click on the file.75

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerMake sure this is slow so you do not launch the file but you simplyhighlight and then click again. At this point the n

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerFigure 7-5. The Open With DialogFile Properties and ActionsFor any file in the main file display you may right mouse cl

IntroductionWelcome to Red Hat Linux 6.0!At Red Hat Software, we believe we offer the best Linux distribution on the market. We hope you’llagree that

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerLaunching Applications From the GNOME File Manager.• View - This will view the file with a basic text viewer.• Edit -

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerFigure 7-6. File Properties79

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Manager• Statistics - This tab will show you the file information includingthe name, type, size, and history. You may change

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerManagerThere are many settings you can configure for the GNOME FileManager.These settings may be accessed from the GMC

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerFile DisplayFigure 7-7. File Display Preferences• The File Display tab allows you to change the way files aredisplayed

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Manager• Mix files and directories - This option will display files anddirectories in the order you sort them instead of alway

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Manager• This tab allows you to change which functions ask for yourconfirmation before continuing.• Confirm when deleting file

Chapter 7. The GNOME File ManagerVFSFigure 7-9. VFS Preferences• This tab allows you to configure the options for your Virtual FileSystem.The Virtual F

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Manager• VFS Timeout - This will determine how long you will beconnected to any VFS without activity. The timeout is measure

Chapter 7. The GNOME File Manager• This tab allows you to configure items that will enhance the speedof GMC by using caching.• Fast directory reload -