Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX AS 2.1 - Instalační příručka stáhnout pdf (Strana 33)

Chapter 11.

Setting Shell Limits for the Oracle User

Most shells like Bash provide control over various resources like the maximum allowable number of

open file descriptors or the maximum number of processes available to a user.

To see all shell limits, run:

ulimit -a

For more information on ulimit for the Bash shell, see man bash and search for ulimit.

Note

On some Linux systems setting "hard" and "soft" limits in the following examples might

not work properly when you log in as user oracle via SSH. It might work if you log in as

root and su to oracle. If you have this problem try to set UsePrivilegeSeparation

to "no" in /etc/ssh/sshd_config and restart the SSH daemon by executing service

sshd restart. The privilege separation does not work properly with PAM on some

Linux systems. Make sure to talk to the people in charge of security before disabling the

SSH security feature "Privilege Separation".

11.1. Limiting Maximum Number of Open File Descriptors

for the Oracle User

After /proc/sys/fs/file-max has been changed, see Chapter 9, Setting File Handles, there is

still a per user limit of maximum open file descriptors:

$ su - oracle

$ ulimit -n

1024

To change this limit, edit the /etc/security/limits.conf file as root and make the following

changes or add the following lines, respectively:

oracle soft nofile 4096

oracle hard nofile 63536

The "soft limit" in the first line defines the number of file handles or open files that the Oracle user will

have after they log in. If the Oracle user gets error messages about running out of file handles, then

the Oracle user can increase the number of file handles like in this example up to 63536 ("hard limit")

by executing the following command:

ulimit -n 63536

You can set the "soft" and "hard" limits higher if necessary.

Note

It is not recommend to set the "hard" limit for nofile for the oracle user equal to /proc/

sys/fs/file-max. If you do that and the user uses up all the file handles, then the

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Red Hat ENTERPRISE LINUX AS 2.1 - Instalační příručka Strana 33