Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Instalační příručka stáhnout pdf (Strana 111)

Security Reference

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Red Hat Linux 7.3 1
The Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux 1
Reference Guide 1
Table of Contents 3
Introduction 7
1.2. For the More Experienced 9
2. Document Conventions 10
Mail backupfiles mail reports 11
[stephen@maturin stephen]$ 12
3. Using the Mouse 13
5. More to Come 13
6. Sign Up for Support 13
System Reference 15
Chapter 1 17
File System Structure 17
1.2.1. FHS Organization 18
/usr/local/sbin." 19
/usr." 20
1.3. Special File Locations 21
Chapter 2 23
The /proc File System 23
2.2. Top-Level Files in /proc 24
/proc File System 25 25
/proc File System 26
/proc File System 27 27
/proc File System 29 29
/proc File System 31 31
/proc File System 33 33
/proc File System 35 35
2.3. Directories in /proc 37
/proc File System 39 39
/proc File System 41 41
/proc File System 43 43
/proc File System 45 45
/proc File System 47 47
/proc File System 49 49
/proc File System 51 51
2.4. Using sysctl 52
2.5. Additional Resources 52
/proc File System 53 53
Chapter 3 55
/etc/lilo.conf 56
3.2.2. Init 58
3.2.3. SysV Init 60
3.3. Sysconﬁg Information 61
• CLOCKMODE= 63
DESKTOP="GNOME" 64
LANG="en_US" 65
• DEVICE= 68
• ROOTDIR=" 68
/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sda1 70
/dev/raw/raw2 8 5 70
• CARDTYPE= 71
/etc/sysconfig/ Directory 72
3.4. Init Runlevels 73
3.6. Shutting Down 74
ELILO boot loader 75
Chapter 4 77
4.1.2. GRUB Features 78
4.2. Terminology 79
4.2.2. File Names 80
4.3. Interfaces 81
4.4. Commands 82
4.6. Additional Resources 84
86 Chapter 4. GRUB 86
Chapter 5 87
The ext3 File System 87
/sbin/fdisk /dev/hdb 88
/sbin/mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hdbX 89
/sbin/tune2fs -j /dev/hdbX 90
-y /dev/hdb1 91
Chapter 6 93
Users and Groups 93
6.3. Standard Groups 94
6.4. User Private Groups 96
/usr/lib/emacs/site-lisp 97
6.5. Shadow Utilities 98
Chapter 7 99
X Servers and Clients 99
7.2. The XFree86 Server 100
7.3.1. Window Managers 104
7.4. Runlevels 105
7.4.2. Runlevel 5: prefdm 106
7.5. Fonts 107
7.5.1. xfs Conﬁguration 108
7.5.2. Adding Fonts 108
7.6. Additional Resources 109
7.6.2. Useful Websites 110
7.6.3. Related Books 110
Security Reference 111
Chapter 8 113
8.3. PAM Modules 114
8.4. PAM Module Control Flags 115
8.5. PAM Module Paths 116
8.6. PAM Module Arguments 116
8.8. PAM and Device Ownership 118
8.9. Additional Resources 119
Chapter 9 121
TCP Wrappers and xinetd 121
9.2.1. Formatting Rules 122
9.4. Additional Resources 128
9.4.2. Useful Websites 129
Chapter 10 131
SSH Protocol 131
10.3. Layers of SSH Security 132
10.3.2. Authentication 133
10.3.3. Connection 134
10.5.1. X11 Forwarding 135
10.5.2. Port Forwarding 135
• telnet 136
Chapter 10. SSH Protocol 137 137
138 Chapter 10. SSH Protocol 138
Chapter 11 139
Kerberos 139
11.3. Kerberos Terminology 140
11.4. How Kerberos Works 141
11.5. Kerberos and PAM 142
11.8. Additional Resources 145
146 Chapter 11. Kerberos 146
Chapter 12 147
12.3. File Locations 150
12.4. Tripwire Components 151
12.6. Selecting Passphrases 152
12.9. Printing Reports 153
/etc/hosts, type a 154
12.12. Tripwire and Email 156
12.13. Additional Resources 157
Network Services Reference 159
Chapter 13 161
Network Scripts 161
13.1.2. Dialup Interfaces 162
13.1.3. Alias and Clone Files 164
/sbin/service network action 165
13.3. Network Functions 166
Chapter 14 167
Firewalling with iptables 167
14.3.1. Tables 169
14.3.2. Structure 169
14.3.3. Commands 169
14.3.4. Parameters 170
14.3.5. Match Options 171
14.3.6. Target Options 173
14.3.7. Listing Options 174
14.5. Additional Resources 175
Chapter 15 177
178 Chapter 15. Apache 178
/sbin/service httpd start 179
/sbin/service httpd stop 179
/sbin/service httpd restart 179
/sbin/service httpd reload 179
15.3.20. ClearModuleList 183
15.3.21. AddModule 183
15.3.22. ExtendedStatus 183
15.3.23. Port 183
15.3.24. User 183
15.3.25. Group 184
15.3.26. ServerAdmin 184
15.3.27. ServerName 184
15.3.28. DocumentRoot 184
15.3.29. Directory 184
15.3.30. Options 185
15.3.31. AllowOverride 185
15.3.32. Order 185
15.3.35. UserDir 186
15.3.36. DirectoryIndex 186
15.3.37. AccessFileName 186
15.3.33. Allow 186
15.3.34. Deny 186
15.3.44. ErrorLog 188
15.3.45. LogLevel 188
15.3.46. LogFormat 188
15.3.47. CustomLog 188
15.3.48. ServerSignature 189
15.3.49. Alias 189
15.3.50. ScriptAlias 189
15.3.51. Redirect 190
15.3.52. IndexOptions 190
15.3.53. AddIconByEncoding 190
15.3.54. AddIconByType 190
15.3.62. AddLanguage 192
15.3.63. LanguagePriority 192
15.3.64. AddType 192
15.3.65. AddHandler 192
15.3.66. Action 192
15.3.67. MetaDir 193
15.3.68. MetaSuffix 193
15.3.69. ErrorDocument 193
15.3.70. BrowserMatch 193
15.3.71. Location 193
15.3.72. ProxyRequests 195
15.3.73. ProxyVia 195
15.3.74. Cache Directives 195
15.3.75. NameVirtualHost 195
15.3.76. VirtualHost 196
15.3.77. SetEnvIf 196
15.5. Using Virtual Hosts 198
15.6. Additional Resources 200
Chapter 16 201
16.1.2. POP 202
16.1.3. SMTP 202
16.2.1. Mail User Agent 203
16.2.2. Mail Transfer Agent 203
16.3. Sendmail 204
/etc/sendmail.cf by running: 206
FEATURE(’ldap_routing’)dnl 208
16.4. Fetchmail 209
• daemon 210
16.5. Procmail 212
16.5.1. Procmail Conﬁguration 213
16.5.2. Procmail Recipes 214
/dev/null 217
16.6. Security 218
16.7. Additional Resources 219
16.7.2. Useful Websites 220
16.7.3. Related Books 220
Chapter 17 221
17.2. BIND Conﬁguration Files 222
17.2.1. /etc/named.conf 223
• include " 224
• key " 224
• view " 225
• zone " 226
17.2.2. Zone Files 227
$ORIGIN domain.com 228
259200 3D 231
604800 1W 231
31536000 365D 231
SOA records 231
17.3. Using rndc 233
17.3.2. Command Line Options 235
17.4. BIND Advanced Features 236
17.6. Additional Resources 237
17.6.2. Useful Websites 238
17.6.3. Related Books 238
Chapter 18 239
Network File System (NFS) 239
18.1.1. NFS and portmap 240
100003 3 udp 2049 nfs 241
100021 1 udp 1028 nlockmgr 241
100021 3 udp 1028 nlockmgr 241
100021 4 udp 1028 nlockmgr 241
[root@bleach /]# 241
18.2.1. /etc/exports 242
18.3.1. /etc/fstab 243
18.3.2. autofs 244
18.4. Securing NFS 245
18.5. Additional Resources 246
18.5.2. Related Books 247
Chapter 19 249
19.3. Uses for LDAP 250
19.4. LDAP Terminology 250
19.6. OpenLDAP Files 251
19.6.2. The schema Directory 252
19.9. OpenLDAP Setup Overview 254
19.11. Additional Resources 256
19.11.2. Useful Websites 257
19.11.3. Related Books 257
Appendixes 259
Appendix A 261
A.2. CD-ROM Module Parameters 262
A.3. SCSI parameters 264
A.4. Ethernet Parameters 267

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